Electric vehicle batteries are divided into:
a. Alkaline batteries. That is, batteries whose electrolyte is an alkaline aqueous solution;
b. Acid batteries. That is, a battery in which the electrolyte is an acidic aqueous solution;
c. Neutral battery. That is, a battery in which the electrolyte is a neutral aqueous solution;
d. Organic electrolyte solution batteries. That is, a battery in which the electrolyte is an organic electrolyte solution.
According to the existence of active substances are divided into:
a. The active material is stored on the electrode. It can be divided into primary battery (non-regenerative, primary battery) and secondary battery (regenerative, storage battery);
b. The active material is continuously supplied to the electrode. It can be divided into non-regenerative fuel cells and regenerative fuel cells.
According to some characteristics of the battery is divided into:
a. High-capacity battery;
b. Maintenance-free battery;
c. Sealed batteries;
d. Combustion junction battery;
e. Explosion-proof battery;
f. Button battery, rectangular battery, cylindrical battery, etc.
Although the above-mentioned classification methods are difficult to unify due to the wide variety of chemical power sources, the wide range of uses and the large differences in appearance, they are generally divided into four categories according to their working nature and storage methods:
Primary battery, also known as "primary battery", is a battery that cannot be restored by charging after discharge. In other words, the battery can only be used once, and the battery can only be discarded after discharge. The reason why such batteries cannot be recharged is either that the battery reaction itself is irreversible, or that conditions make it difficult for the reversible reaction to proceed. Such as:
Zinc-manganese dry battery Zn│NH4Cl·ZnCl2│MnO2(C)
Zinc-mercury battery Zn│KOH│HgO
Silver-zinc battery Zn│KOH│Ag2O
Secondary battery, also known as "battery", is a type of battery that can be recharged after discharge to restore the active material and can be re-discharged, and can be used repeatedly for many times. This type of battery is actually a chemical energy storage device. The battery is filled with direct current. At this time, the electrical energy is stored in the battery in the form of chemical energy. When discharged, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Such as:
Lead-acid battery Pb│H2SO4│PbO2
Nickel-cadmium battery Cd│KOH│NiOOH
NiMH battery H2│KOH│NiOOH
Lithium-ion battery LiCoO2│Organic solvent│6C
Zinc-air battery Zn│KOH│O2 (air)
Reserve battery, also known as "activated battery", is a type of battery in which the positive and negative active materials and the electrolyte are not in direct contact, and the electrolyte is temporarily injected before use or the battery is activated by other methods. The chemical deterioration or self-discharge of the positive and negative active materials of this type of battery is basically eliminated due to the isolation from the electrolyte, so that the battery can be stored for a long time. Such as:
Magnesium-silver battery Mg│MgCl2│AgCl
Calcium thermal battery Ca│LiCl-KCl│CaCrO4(Ni)
Lead perchloric acid battery Pb│HclO4│PbO2
A fuel cell, also known as a "continuous battery", is a type of battery that can discharge continuously for a long time as long as the active material is continuously injected into the battery. Its characteristic is that the battery itself is just a carrier, and the fuel cell can be regarded as a kind of battery that sends the reactants into the battery from the outside when electricity is needed. Such as:
Hydrogen Fuel Cell H2│KOH│O2
Hydrazine Air Fuel Cell N2H4│KOH│O2(Air)
